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[Answer] Can I load a Lifepo4 battery with a lead-acid charger?
, From Sally Zhuang, 8 min reading time
Can I charge a lithium battery with a lead-acid charger? We often receive this question from our customers.
The answer is: Not recommended. Extended use of lead-acid chargers is not recommended, as they can affect the performance and lifespan of lithium iron phosphate batteries.
Below you will learn why and how to charge LiFePO4 batteries correctly.
Table of contents
Part 1: LiFePO4 battery charging logic
The material properties of the LiFePO4 battery mean that its charging curve differs significantly from that of a lead-acid battery. Compared to a lead-acid battery, the LiFePO4 battery has a simpler charging process and charging mode. Therefore, it is recommended to choose LiFePO4 as the charging mode.
1.1 LiFePO4 battery charging mode
Image source: Power Queen
CC (constant current) phase (T1)Initially, a discharged battery is charged with a constant current and the voltage increases steadily until the setpoint for the constant voltage is reached, which varies between different charging methods.
CV (Constant Voltage) Phase (T2)During this phase, the battery maintains a constant voltage, while the current gradually decreases to 2A (0.02C), also known as the final current. At this point, charging stops and the battery is fully charged.
1.2 Lead acid battery charging mode
Initially, a discharged battery is charged at maximum current, and the voltage steadily increases until the target absorption voltage is reached. (This phase essentially corresponds to the CC phase when charging LiFePO4 batteries.)
Absorption phase (T2)The battery reaches the absorption voltage target and maintains a constant voltage while the current gradually decreases until the battery is fully charged (within 10-20%). Absorption generally lasts no longer than 3 hours to avoid overcharging. (This phase is essentially the same as the CV phase when charging LiFePO4 batteries.)
Suspension phase (T3)After the absorption phase, the battery voltage drops to the float voltage setpoint, and the current is also reduced to a low float mode to prevent battery discharge and compensate for any self-discharge. If the battery discharges significantly, the controller can switch back to bulk/boost or absorption mode to replenish the lost energy, as long as power is available. (LiFePO4 batteries do not have this charging phase.)
Part 2: 3 Recommended Ways to Charge LiFePO4 Batteries
Power Queen recommends three reliable charging methods for LiFePO4 batteries: using LiFePO4 chargers, generators, and solar panels.
2.1 Use of LiFePO4 battery chargers
The use of LiFePO4 battery chargers is the most efficient and convenient method for charging LiFePO4 batteries. These chargers are specifically designed for LiFePO4 chemistry and ensure optimal charging performance and safety.
They deliver the correct voltage and current values required for efficient charging without damaging the battery cells. LiFePO4 battery chargers are often equipped with advanced features such as overcharge protection, temperature monitoring, and automatic shutdown, further increasing battery longevity and safety.
The table below provides information on the voltage specifications of the various LiFePO4 batteries and systems.
|
| Optimal charging voltage | Charging voltage range |
| 12V (12.8V) | 14.4V | 14.2V~14.6V |
| 24V (25.6V) | 28.8V | 28.4V~29.2V |
| 36V | 42.4V | 42V – 42.6V |
| 48V(48V) | 54.0V | 53.25V~54.75V |
| 51.2V | 57.6V | 56.8V~58.4V |
Charging tips:
Connect the charger to the battery before connecting it to the mains to avoid sparking.
It is recommended to disconnect the charger from the battery after it is fully charged.
2.2 Generator/Alternator
In situations where electricity is not readily available, such as during outdoor activities or in remote locations, generators can be an excellent option for charging LiFePO4 batteries.
If you use an alternator or generator to charge your LiFePO4 battery, it's important to ensure that the charging voltage and current are compatible with your battery's specifications. If the alternator or generator supports a DC output, a DC-DC charger must be connected between the battery and the generator.
This ensures that the LiFePO4 battery receives the correct charging conditions and avoids possible damage.
Power Queen's LiFePO4 batteries can be charged via an alternator or generator, thus offering flexible charging options for various power sources.
2.3Solar energy/alternator
Solar panels harness the power of the sun and offer a renewable and sustainable way to charge LiFePO4 batteries. The solar energy is converted into electrical energy by the photovoltaic cells in the solar panels. This energy can then be used to directly charge the batteries or stored in a separate energy storage system for later use. When selecting solar panels for charging LiFePO4 batteries, factors such as wattage, efficiency, weather conditions, and installation requirements must be considered. Furthermore, the use of a charge controller advisable to prevent overcharging and optimize the charging process.
One 12V 100Ah LiFePO4 battery can be charged with the 300W solar modules.The battery can be fully charged in one day (with effective sunlight of 4.5 hours/day).
There are also removable versions, such as the portable solar panels from Power Queen, which feature a convenient foldable design and come with a portable carrying case. These panels require no complicated installation procedures and can be set up effortlessly in a very short time.
Part 3: Charging LiFePO4 batteries in winter
LiFePO4 batteries can be safely charged within a temperature range of 0°C to 45°C (32°F to 113°F).
To ensure optimal charging in winter, please note the following:
- Charge the battery indoors or in a temperature-controlled environment to avoid extreme temperature fluctuations.
- Warm up the battery before charging if it has been exposed to very low temperatures.
- Use a charger specifically designed for LiFePO4 batteries or one that offers adjustable charging settings suitable for colder conditions.
- Monitor the battery temperature during charging to prevent exceeding the recommended range.
- Avoid overcharging by using chargers with appropriate safety features such as overcharge protection or automatic shutdown.
Power Queen 12V 100Ah Smart Features low-temperature protection. The intelligent BMS enables built-in low-temperature protection to interrupt charging and prevent damage if the battery is charged at temperatures below 32°F. If you need to charge the battery at low temperatures, press the button to disable the protection and charge the battery in an emergency.
Power Queen also has self-heating series For cold winter days. Power Queen LifePO4 Self-Heating Battery incorporates the upgraded self-heating function based on the previous battery. When the charging temperature drops below 41°F/5°C, the self-heating function is automatically activated. Heating stops when the temperature reaches 50°F/10°C, and then the battery is charged normally. Don't worry about the coming winter.
Part 4: How long does it take to charge lithium batteries?
Charging time for LiFePO4 lithium batteries can depend on several factors, including battery capacity, charging current, and the state of charge at the start of charging. However, as a general estimate, LiFePO4 batteries typically require approximately 2 to 6 hours to reach a full charge.
It's important to note that charging time can be affected by the charger's specifications and capabilities. Some chargers may offer faster charging speeds, allowing LiFePO4 batteries to reach full capacity more quickly.
To determine the exact charging time for a specific LiFePO4 lithium battery, it is recommended to consult the manufacturer's guidelines or documentation. These sources typically contain information on the recommended charging current, estimated charging times, and any specific considerations or precautions for optimal charging.
A notice: 12V 100Ah mini LiFePO4 battery as an example
Remember that charging LiFePO4 batteries within the manufacturer's recommended limits, using compatible chargers, and monitoring battery temperature during charging are essential to ensure efficient and safe charging while maintaining battery longevity.
Conclusion
Finally, we advise against charging LiFePO4 batteries with a lead-acid charger, as this can cause damage to the LiFePO4 batteries. A LiFePO4 charger is a better choice. You can also learn how to store LiFePO4 batteriesto extend their lifespan.
Power Queen offers high-quality LiFePO4 batteries and chargers. If you have any questions, please contact us at service.de@ipowerqueen.com.
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